The element may appear as a means of glossing the second element, iaga, with a familiar component or may have also been applied as a means of distinguishing Baba Yaga from a male counterpart. In the Polesia region of Ukraine, the plural baby may refer to an autumn funeral feast. As with other kinship terms in Slavic languages, baba may be used in other ways, potentially as a result of taboo it may be applied to various animals, natural phenomena, and objects, such as types of mushrooms, cake or pears. Baba may also have a pejorative connotation in modern Russian, both for women as well as for an effeminate, timid, or characterless man. In contemporary Polish and Russian, baba is the pejorative synonym for 'woman', especially one that is old, dirty or foolish. In Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Macedonian, Bulgarian and Romanian baba means 'grandmother' or 'old woman'. The first element is a babble word which gives the word бабушка ( babushka or 'grandmother') in modern Russian, and babcia ('grandmother') in Polish. Variations of the name Baba Yaga are found in many East Slavic languages. Johns summarizes Baba Yaga as "a many-faceted figure, capable of inspiring researchers to see her as a Cloud, Moon, Death, Winter, Snake, Bird, Pelican or Earth Goddess, totemic matriarchal ancestress, female initiator, phallic mother, or archetypal image". According to Vladimir Propp's folktale morphology, Baba Yaga commonly appears as either a donor or a villain, or may be altogether ambiguous.Īndreas Johns identifies Baba Yaga as "one of the most memorable and distinctive figures in eastern European folklore", and observes that she is "enigmatic" and often exhibits "striking ambiguity". Baba Yaga may help or hinder those that encounter or seek her out and may play a maternal role she has associations with forest wildlife. In fairy tales Baba Yaga flies around in a mortar, wields a pestle, and dwells deep in the forest in a hut usually described as standing on chicken legs. In Slavic folklore, Baba Yaga, also spelled Baba Jaga (from Polish), is a supernatural being (or one of a trio of sisters of the same name) who appears as a deformed and/or ferocious-looking woman.
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